在內(nèi)窺鏡精密的 “身體” 里，光纖如同傳遞視覺(jué)信號(hào)的 “生命線”，一旦受損，就會(huì)影響檢查和手術(shù)的精準(zhǔn)度。而內(nèi)窺鏡光纖的維修，堪稱一場(chǎng)與微觀世界對(duì)話的 “精密手術(shù)”，需要深入了解其技術(shù)原理與修復(fù)要點(diǎn)，才能讓這條 “生命線” 重?zé)ㄉ鷻C(jī)。

　　In the precise "body" of the endoscope, the optical fiber is like a "lifeline" that transmits visual signals. Once damaged, it will affect the accuracy of inspection and surgery. The maintenance of endoscopic optical fibers can be regarded as a "precision surgery" that engages in dialogue with the microscopic world. It requires a deep understanding of its technical principles and repair points in order to revitalize this "lifeline".

　　想要修復(fù)光纖，得先搞懂它的構(gòu)造與工作原理。內(nèi)窺鏡中的光纖通常由纖芯、包層和涂覆層組成。纖芯是傳輸光信號(hào)的核心，包層的折射率低于纖芯，能通過(guò)全反射將光線牢牢 “鎖” 在纖芯內(nèi)傳輸，涂覆層則起到保護(hù)光纖、增強(qiáng)柔韌性的作用。當(dāng)內(nèi)窺鏡工作時(shí)，外部光源發(fā)出的光線經(jīng)光纖傳入體內(nèi)，照亮檢查部位，反射回來(lái)的光線再通過(guò)另一組光纖傳遞到成像系統(tǒng)，讓醫(yī)生能清晰觀察體內(nèi)情況。但在實(shí)際使用中，光纖可能因彎折過(guò)度、碰撞等原因受損，導(dǎo)致圖像模糊、亮度下降甚至完全黑屏，這時(shí)就需要專業(yè)的維修技術(shù)介入。

　　To repair optical fibers, one must first understand their structure and working principles. The optical fiber in an endoscope is usually composed of a core, a cladding, and a coating layer. The fiber core is the core for transmitting optical signals, and the refractive index of the cladding is lower than that of the fiber core. It can firmly "lock" the light inside the fiber core for transmission through total reflection, while the coating layer plays a role in protecting the optical fiber and enhancing its flexibility. When the endoscope is working, the light emitted by the external light source is transmitted into the body through optical fibers, illuminating the examination site. The reflected light is then transmitted to the imaging system through another set of optical fibers, allowing doctors to observe the internal situation clearly. However, in practical use, optical fibers may be damaged due to excessive bending, collisions, and other reasons, resulting in blurry images, decreased brightness, or even complete black screens. In this case, professional repair techniques are needed to intervene.

　　光纖斷裂是常見(jiàn)故障，熔接技術(shù)是解決這一問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。維修時(shí)，首先要精準(zhǔn)定位斷裂點(diǎn)，可借助顯微鏡或?qū)Ｓ脵z測(cè)設(shè)備，找到受損位置后，將斷裂的光纖兩端切割平整，確保斷面光滑、垂直，這一步直接影響熔接效果。接著，使用光纖熔接機(jī)，通過(guò)高壓放電產(chǎn)生高溫，使光纖兩端的玻璃材質(zhì)熔化并融合在一起。熔接過(guò)程中，要嚴(yán)格控制放電強(qiáng)度和時(shí)間，強(qiáng)度過(guò)大或時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致光纖變形、損耗增加；強(qiáng)度不足或時(shí)間過(guò)短，則無(wú)法完全熔合。熔接完成后，還需對(duì)熔接點(diǎn)進(jìn)行加固處理，通常會(huì)套上熱縮管，加熱收縮后緊密包裹熔接點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)其機(jī)械強(qiáng)度，防止再次斷裂。

　　Fiber optic fracture is a common fault, and fusion splicing technology is the key to solving this problem. When repairing, the first step is to accurately locate the fracture point, which can be done with the help of a microscope or specialized testing equipment. After finding the damaged location, the two ends of the broken optical fiber should be cut flat to ensure a smooth and vertical cross-section. This step directly affects the welding effect. Next, using a fiber fusion splicer, high temperature is generated through high-voltage discharge to melt and fuse the glass materials at both ends of the fiber together. During the welding process, it is necessary to strictly control the discharge intensity and time. If the intensity is too high or the time is too long, it will cause deformation and increased loss of the optical fiber; If the strength is insufficient or the time is too short, complete fusion cannot be achieved. After the welding is completed, it is necessary to reinforce the welding point, usually by covering it with a heat shrink tube. After heating and shrinking, it tightly wraps around the welding point to enhance its mechanical strength and prevent it from breaking again.

　　光纖損耗過(guò)大也是影響內(nèi)窺鏡性能的重要問(wèn)題，這可能由光纖老化、污染或連接不良等原因?qū)е隆?duì)于因污染造成的損耗，維修人員需使用專用的清潔工具和試劑，如無(wú)塵布、光纖清潔液，小心擦拭光纖端面，去除灰塵、油污等雜質(zhì)，確保光信號(hào)能順利通過(guò)。若是連接不良，就要檢查光纖連接器，查看是否存在松動(dòng)、氧化等情況。若連接器松動(dòng)，需重新插拔并固定；若發(fā)生氧化，可用專用砂紙輕輕打磨，去除氧化層后再進(jìn)行連接。對(duì)于老化嚴(yán)重的光纖，往往需要整體更換，以恢復(fù)內(nèi)窺鏡的正常工作性能。

　　Excessive fiber loss is also an important issue affecting the performance of endoscopes, which may be caused by fiber aging, contamination, or poor connections. For losses caused by pollution, maintenance personnel need to use specialized cleaning tools and reagents, such as dust-free cloths and fiber cleaning solutions, carefully wipe the fiber end face, remove dust, oil stains and other impurities, and ensure that the optical signal can pass smoothly. If the connection is poor, it is necessary to check the fiber optic connector for looseness, oxidation, and other conditions. If the connector is loose, it needs to be re plugged and fixed; If oxidation occurs, use specialized sandpaper to gently polish and remove the oxide layer before connecting. For severely aged optical fibers, it is often necessary to replace them as a whole to restore the normal working performance of the endoscope.

　　在維修過(guò)程中，還有一些細(xì)節(jié)不容忽視。比如，光纖十分脆弱，操作時(shí)必須輕拿輕放，避免過(guò)度彎折或拉扯；每次維修前后，都要用專業(yè)設(shè)備對(duì)光纖的性能進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，包括光功率、衰減值等指標(biāo)，確保維修效果達(dá)標(biāo)。此外，隨著技術(shù)發(fā)展，一些新型內(nèi)窺鏡采用了更復(fù)雜的光纖束結(jié)構(gòu)，維修難度也相應(yīng)增加，這就要求維修人員不斷學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)、掌握新工具，提升維修水平。

　　During the repair process, there are still some details that cannot be ignored. For example, optical fibers are very fragile and must be handled with care to avoid excessive bending or pulling; Before and after each maintenance, professional equipment should be used to test the performance of the optical fiber, including optical power, attenuation value, and other indicators, to ensure that the maintenance effect meets the standard. In addition, with the development of technology, some new endoscopes have adopted more complex fiber optic bundle structures, and the difficulty of maintenance has correspondingly increased. This requires maintenance personnel to continuously learn new technologies, master new tools, and improve their maintenance level.

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